Paras mahdollinen tieteellinen näyttö kontrolloiduista tutkimuksista vuosina 2003-2018 kertoo sen yksiselitteisesti. Tähän on koostettu kaikki RCT (kontrolloidut tutkimukset), jotka ovat tilastollisesti merkittäviä lopputulokseltaan. Tutkimuksia löytyy kaiken kaikkiaan 31 kpl. Tilastollisesti merkitsevä lopputulos vahvistaa tutkimuksen tarkkuutta ja parantaa näyttöä entisestään.
Vähähiilihydraattinen ruokavalio on tehokkaampi painonpudotuksessa jokaisessa tutkimuksessa. Mitä alemmaksi hiilihydraateissa mennään, sitä tehokkaammin paino käytännössä putoaa.
Näihin tutkimuksiin on valikoitunut vähähiilihydraattisen ruokavalion määritelmäksi 130g tai vähemmän/ per päivä hiilihydraatteja ja vähärasvaiseksi ruokavalioksi on määritelty alle 35E% rasvan osuus.
Tiede osoittaa, että vähähiilihydraattinen korkeampi rasvainen ruokavalio on kiistatta tehokkaampi painonpudotukseen, kuin ns. perinteinen ruokavalio (vähärasvainen korkeahiilihydraattinen).
Mitkä ovat seuraukset olla ottamatta huomioon tätä tosiasiaa hoidettaessa painonpudotusta?Meidän on saatava näyttöön perustuvat hoitomallit mukaan ohjeistuksiin oli sitten kyse lihavuudesta, metabolisesta oireyhtymästä tai tyypin 2 diabeteksesta. Pyritään yhdessä vaikuttamaan siihen, että näin olisi tulevaisuudessa.
Lähteet:
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[2] A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity. Samaha et al.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022637
[3] Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents. Sondike et al. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347602402065
[4] The National Cholesterol Education Program Diet vs a Diet Lower in Carbohydrates and Higher in Protein and Monounsaturated Fat A Randomized Trial. Aude et al. http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx? articleid=217514
[5] A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Yancy et al. http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=717451
[6] Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women. Volek et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC538279/
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[8] Short-term effects of severe dietary carbohydrate-restriction advice in Type 2 diabetes—a randomized controlled trial. Daly et al. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01760.x/abstract
[9] Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial. Gardner et al. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=205916
[10] Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance. Halyburton et al. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/86/3/580.long
[11] A low-carbohydrate diet is more effective in reducing body weight than healthy eating in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Dyson et al. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1464- 5491.2007.02290.x/full
[12] The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Westman et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633336/
[13] Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet. Shai et al.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0708681
[14] Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity. Keogh et al. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/87/3/567.long
[15] Carbohydrate Restriction has a More Favorable Impact on the Metabolic Syndrome than a Low Fat Diet. Volek et al. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11745-008-3274-2
[16] Efficacy and Safety of a High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Diet for Weight Loss in Severely Obese Adolescents. Krebs et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892194/
[17] A Randomized Pilot Trial of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Compared to a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight or Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes. Saslow et al. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0091027
[18] Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: A Randomized Trial. Bazzano et al.
http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1900694
[19] The Role of Energy Expenditure in the Differential Weight Loss in Obese Women on Low-Fat and Low- Carbohydrate Diets. Brehm et al. http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jc.2004-1540
[20] Effects of a Low Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diet on Exercise Capacity and Tolerance in Obese Subjects. Brinkworth et al. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2009.134/full
[21] Comparison of isocaloric very low carbohydrate/high saturated fat and high carbohydrate/low saturated fat diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk. Noakes et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1368980/
[22] Very Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets Affect Fasting Lipids and Postprandial Lipemia Differently in Overweight Men. Sharman et al. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/4/880.long
[23] Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women. McAuley et al. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-004-1603-4/fulltext.html
[24] Diet-Induced Weight Loss Is Associated with Decreases in Plasma Serum Amyloid A and C-Reactive Protein Independent of Dietary Macronutrient Composition in Obese Subjects. O’Brien et al. http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2004-1011
[25] Enhanced weight loss with protein-enriched meal replacements in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Flechtner-Mors et al. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.1097/abstract
[26] A randomized study comparing the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet on lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity. Seshadri et al. http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(04)00344-4/abstract
[27] A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. Sato et al. http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(16)30169-8/pdf
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[31] A food‐based, low‐energy, low‐carbohydrate diet for people with type 2 diabetes in primary care: A randomized controlled feasibility trial. Morris et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13915
